4 main sending countries - Syria, Somalia, Afghanistan, Eritrea
 |
| Migration routes to Europe ©HRW |
| UNHCR 2015 planning figures for Syrian Arab Republic[1] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of population | Origin | January 2015 | December 2015 | ||
| Total in country | Of whom assisted by UNHCR | Total in country | Of whom assisted by UNHCR | ||
| Total | 6,781,380 | 3,529,300 | 6,757,670 | 4,026,000 | |
| 1. PoC planning figures in this table are based on trends and registration data from early 2014. In light of the evolving situation in the Syrian Arab Republic and Iraq, updated projections will be presented in any forthcoming appeals for supplementary requirements in 2015 for the Syria and Iraq situations, including the 2015 Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan (3RP). 2. Refugee figure for Iraqis is a Government estimate | |||||
| Refugees | Afghanistan | 1,200 | 1,200 | 1,000 | 1,000 |
| Iraq[2] | 126,580 | 24,500 | 113,670 | 22,000 | |
| Somalia | 900 | 900 | 800 | 800 | |
| Various | 600 | 600 | 500 | 500 | |
| Asylum-seekers | Afghanistan | 120 | 120 | 80 | 80 |
| Iraq | 850 | 850 | 740 | 740 | |
| Sudan | 400 | 400 | 290 | 290 | |
| Various | 740 | 740 | 590 | 590 | |
| Internally displaced | Syrian Arab Rep. | 6,500,000 | 3,500,000 | 6,500,000 | 4,000,000 |
| Stateless | Stateless | 150,000 | - | 140,000 | - |
Syria
almost 4 million Syrian refugees in neighboring countries and North Africa; half are children
Turkey - 1.7 million Syrian refugees
Lebanon - almost 1.2 million (1/4 of its population)
http://www.unhcr.org/pages/49e486a76.html#
http://www.eui.eu/DepartmentsAndCentres/RobertSchumanCentre/ReflectingOn/17062015Fargues.aspx "'Celebrating' World Refugee Day with four million Syrian refugees on our doorstep" by Philippe Fargues, Migration Policy Centre - European University Institute
Afghanistan
In March 2015 alone, more than 20,000 newly displaced due to conflict - up from the 11,000 the previous month - and adding to the existing 850,000 internally displaced throughout the country (UNHCR)
Why the difficult journey to Europe?
inhospitable situation for Afghan refugees, asylum seekers, and migrants in Iran +
inability to return to Afghanistan because of security risks
^ Human Rights Watch, Unwelcome Guests: Iran’s Violation of Afghan Refugee and Migrant Rights, November 2013. The situation for Afghans in Pakistan, which has hosted about 1.5 million registered Afghan refugees for over 30 years and where an estimated one million unregistered Afghans live, is also of concern. See “Pakistan: Stop Forced Returns of Afghans,” Human Rights Watch news release, February 22, 2015; and Human Rights Watch, “We Are the Walking Dead:” Killings of Shia Hazara in Balochistan, Pakistan, June 2014.
inability to return to Afghanistan because of security risks
^ Human Rights Watch, Unwelcome Guests: Iran’s Violation of Afghan Refugee and Migrant Rights, November 2013. The situation for Afghans in Pakistan, which has hosted about 1.5 million registered Afghan refugees for over 30 years and where an estimated one million unregistered Afghans live, is also of concern. See “Pakistan: Stop Forced Returns of Afghans,” Human Rights Watch news release, February 22, 2015; and Human Rights Watch, “We Are the Walking Dead:” Killings of Shia Hazara in Balochistan, Pakistan, June 2014.
Eritrea
“I love my country, but I hate the way it is there. If I go back, they will put me in prison.” —Mogos, 26, Lampedusa, May 15, 2015The most common patterns of abuse prompting Eritreans to flee:
- open-ended military conscription (greatest, most common reason)
- forced labor during conscription
- arbitrary arrests, detentions, and enforced disappearances
- torture and other degrading treatment in detention
- restrictions on freedoms of expression, conscience, and movement
- repression of religious freedom
- land expropriations and government discrimination (Afar and Kunama ethnic groups)
No independent media
No local independent nongovernmental organisations
Indefinite military conscription - By law, each Eritrean must serve 18 months in national service starting at age 18.
Commission on Inquiry on human rights in Eritrea established in 2014
Commission's report published / presented in June 2015 (29th HRC Session) concluded that violations “in the areas of extrajudicial executions, torture (including sexual torture), national service and forced labour may constitute crimes against humanity.”
Somalia
Children
Somalia has one of the lowest rates of school enrolment in the world - more than 80 percent of primary-aged Somali children are no longer in or have never been to school
Somali children comprised the third largest national group of unaccompanied children who reached Italy by sea in 2014
2011 famine
Conflict in Libya
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